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Superstition in Pakistan () is widespread and many adverse events are attributed to the supernatural effect. Superstition is a belief in supernatural causality: that one event leads to the cause of another without any physical process linking the two events, such as astrology, omens, witchcraft, etc., that contradicts natural science. In Pakistan, the Magical thinking pervades as many acts and events are attributed to supernatural and ritual, such as prayer, sacrifice, or the observance of a taboo are followed. Many believe that magic is effective psychologically as it has placebo effect to psychosomatic diseases. Scholars of Islam view superstition as shirk, denying the unity of God and against Sharia. Within Islam, shirk is an unforgivable crime; God may forgive any sin if one dies in that state except for committing shirk.〔Kamoonpuri, S: "Basic Beliefs of Islam" pages 42–58. Tanzania Printers Limited, 2001.〕 Sleeping on your right side and reciting the Ayat-ul-Kursi () of the Quran can protect person from the evil. In Pakistan, mental illness and psychological problems are considered by some to be an encounter with Shaitan (Satan) (), evil jinns () or demons who have taken over one's body and mind. It is also assumed that it is caused by the black magic performed by enemies and jealous persons. People, especially children and young girls, wear Ta'wiz (Amulet) () to ward off evil eye. Spells, incantations and curses could also result in ghouls or churail () haunting a person. Some homes and places are also believed to be haunted by evil ghosts (Bhoot), satanic or other supernatural beings and they could haunt people living there especially during the night. Muslim holy persons (Imams, Maulvis, Sufis, Mullahs, Faqirs) perform exorcism on individuals who are believed to be possessed. The homes, houses, buildings and grounds are blessed and consecrated by Mullahs or Imams by reciting Qur'an and Adhan (), the Islamic call to prayer, recited by the muezzin. In Pakistan, Sleep paralysis is considered to be an encounter with Shaitan (Satan), evil jinns or demons who have taken over one's body. This ghoul () is known as 'bakhtak' () or ifrit (). The penchant for faith healers and black magicians spans Pakistani society, from the rich landlords of the rural areas to the urban classes of Lahore and Karachi.〔(In Pakistan, faith healers have no shortage of believers )〕 The villagers of Rajanpur rural Punjab, call upon a Pir believed to be endowed with mystical powers that can purify contaminated water after severe floods.〔(Superstition undermining clean water messages )〕 Pakistanis from all walks of life routinely turn to faith healers to remedy various health problems, from Abdominal pain to Epilepsy, avert marriage meltdowns and financial crises and even fend off the powers of other healers. Many in Pakistan believe that black magic or sorcery (}}) can help reduce their problems, cure diseases, or even bring good luck. Such practices are common not only in the far-flung rural areas, where many of people low education, but also in big cities with higher education like in Islamabad, Faisalabad and Karachi. ==Human bones in occult== There are grave-digging incidents in Karachi and cemeteries in different regions of Pakistan where bones are stolen from the graves.〔(The superstitious side of Pakistan )〕 The two suspects, who had been caught and arrested they denied involvement in digging up graves to steal human bones for use in black magic, which many believe is a booming business in the country, particularly in rural areas. Occult practices are believed to be widespread in Pakistan where religious beliefs, superstitions and illiteracy play a big role in everyday life. A recent grave-digging incident in Karachi has highlighted this. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Superstition in Pakistan」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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